John Lockes Theories - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 324 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: John Locke Essay Did you like this example? John Lockes Philosophies John Locke was born in August 29, 1632 in the United Kingdom and died on October 28, 1704, in the United Kingdom. Locke was an English philosopher, who introduced liberalism, and Social Contract. I will be talking about both topics in this essay based on historical facts about Lockes philosophies. The Social Contract Theory states that people could theoretically live together in society. By having an agreement that sets up both moral and political rules of behavior a balance would be created in society. Some people believe that if we live according to a social contract, we can live morally by our own choice and not because their religious beliefs require it. Many philosophers have tried to describe an ideal social contract, and explain how they have evolved with time. Philosopher Stuart Rachels believes that rational people accept morality rules that control their behavior. This would only be successful if others around them also accept this set of rules. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "John Lockes Theories" essay for you Create order Social contracts can be set as common knowledge. Things such as laws that are specific and direct are one level of contract. Though they can also be unspoken, like raising ones hand in class which serves a universal sign of someone wanting to speak. The U.S. Constitution is often specified as a precise example of part of Americas Social Contract. It states what the government and its citizens can and cannot do in the United States. People who choose to live in America agree to be governed by the political obligations defined in the Constitution.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classical liberalism is a political philosophy and ideology that came from the theory of liberalism in which primary importance is placed on securing the freedom of the individual by limiting the power of the government. A liberal is basically someone who wants to help the poor and the seniors without lifting one finger or donating one penny. In other words, they want to help others with other peoples hard work.

Analysis Of The Canonization Of Junipero Serra - 2041 Words

Junipero Serra was essentially the founder of the mission system and he set much of the precedent as to how the missions would run and treat the indigenous people. Serra’s work on the missions had large effects on the native people besides just spreading Christianity to the New World. More recently, Serra’s canonization has been a rather controversial topic due to the history surrounding his treatment of the natives and the overall results of the missions. The Catholic Church is aware of this history and still chose to make Junipero Serra a saint even with the protests by different Native American groups. However, the Catholic Church feels they have good reason as to why Serra is considered a saint regardless of these arguments. This is an†¦show more content†¦As mentioned by PBS, â€Å"He was notorious for his mortifications of the flesh: wearing heavy shirts with sharp wires pointed inward, whipping himself to the point of bleeding, and using a candle to sca r the flesh of his chest†(PBS.org). This shows how he used violence in his form of practice and when it came to the natives, he had no problem treating them as he did himself. Mortifications of the flesh was one principle he lived by and it became a part of the way the missions worked. Junipero Serra became involved with the missions when the Jesuits were expelled from New Spain and Serra was chosen to take over the missions. He had a complete new vision for the missions that included forcing the natives to live on the mission and attend mass twice everyday. Women were to be separated from men so that there would be no possibility of sin in the missions. Serra’s ultimate goal for the missions was to convert as many natives as possible because he believed in the power and greatness of his religion(Castillo 55-70). In his lifetime, Serra founded nine missions and converted around 5,000 natives in present day California(PBS.org). Spain was more than pleased with Serra†™s work with the missions because they felt it gave Spain control over Alta California. They encouraged the missions and began sending more friars to aid in the process that Serra had created(Castillo 70-75). In addition to Junipero Serra’s history and his path heading towards the

A Review of Social Media and Implications for the Sales Process

Questions: 1. Critically assess the main approaches to social media marketing strategies. 2. Identify and critically evaluate effective social media marketing strategies, tools and development approaches for building brand awareness, increasing market share and entering new markets. 3. Critically evaluate the relationship between the design, deployment and implementing of effective social media marketing strategies and the achievement of organisations marketing strategies and objectives. 4. Evaluate the current social media marketing best practices in a global organisation and identify and critically appraise suggestions for improvement of these practices to allow for better performance and building an organisation of the 21st century. 5. Analyse current developments in social media and evaluate their potential impact on the marketing strategies of a chosen organisation.? Answers: Introduction: Social Media Communication means the communication through electronics like - micro blogging websites, social networking websites, through which the users can create online communities for communicating with other, like - to share ideas, information, personal messages and others like videos (Couldry, 2012). SMC is the acronym for Social Media Communication, and it is popularly known by its acronym. Now a day, Social Media Communication is very important for the growth of any company, especially ecommerce business. The reasons for the importance of SMC in ecommerce business are to recognize and to act upon trends more faster, to promote the followers for free, by word-of-mouth customers can be attracted, more stronger relationships can be developed, brand awareness can be increased, two-way communication can be easily created, consumer survey can be easily done, thus questions can be asked to the customers and in return, their answers can also be listen and appropriate measure can ta ke place for consumer concerns (Fuller and Goffey, 2012). Thus, by assuming as a new marketing manager of the ecommerce company Amazon, the objective is to implement the social media marketing strategy for the growth of the company. Background of the industry: Electronic commerce is very popular in U.K. The population of the country is 63.7 million, among which about 82 % people are internet users in the country. Thus, according to the market researchers, the online sales took place in U.K. of about 110.5 billion, in the year 2013. Most of the internet users in U.K., about 40 %, pay the purchase amount through credit cards, 35 % through debit cards, 21 % through PayPal and the remaining 4 % through other (Shandan et al., 2012). The biggest ecommerce companies, occupying the largest portion of the share market in U.S. are Amazon (16 %), Tesco (9 %), and eBay (8 %). Background of the company: Amazon is a public ecommerce company. It was founded on 6th July, in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos, who is the chairman as well as the president and CEO of the company. It is an America based company with headquarters at Seattle, in Washington. Amazon is the largest internet based retailer and consumer merchandise in the United States. The company started as an online bookstore. But then it diversified its business by started selling online Blu-rays, DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads or streaming, video downloads or streaming, electronics, toys, food, jewelry, apparel, software, furniture, and video games. Amazon also produces different consumer electronics like Fire Tablets, Fire Phone, Fire TV, and Amazon Kindle e-book readers. The company also sells some low-ended products like USB cables under its in-house brand, that is, Amazon Basics. Amazon is the worlds largest provider of cloud computing services (SHARMA, 2012). The other main services provided by the company besides online shopping, are web hosting and content distribution. The total revenue of the company is $ 88.988 billion, having total assets of $ 54.505 billion and total equity of $ 10.741 billion, according to record of the year 2014. Around 154100 numbers of employees are working in Amazon, according to the report of December 2014. The subsidiaries of the company are Amazon web services, A9.com, a2z, Audible.com, Alexa Internet, Internet Movie Database, Zappos, and Junglee.com. The reason for choosing this particular electronic commerce company related to Social Media Communication is that, since 2010, the social media communication is playing an increasing role in the business of ecommerce. The researchers found it that, about 47 % to 58 % of the small business owners are using social networking sites for the development and growth of their business (Huijsman et al., 2012). Though the company Amazon is quiet larger, still for its higher growth and to reach out to new customers at every corner of the world and to maintain the existing customers by providing more facilities but with cheaper cost of the company is the main objective of the marketing department of the company. 3: Importance of social media marketing: Now a day to just have a website for a business is not enough. For extension of the business capitalization should be started through social media marketing sites like Twitter, Face book, Linked In, Instagram and many more (McCorkle and McCorkle, 2012). In 21st century these social media are the main street of our daily life, thus we use these media for communicating with people, to get information quickly, and to shop for products. According to market researchers, presently most of the business houses invest only 9 per cent of their total budget, but in near future it should be increased to near about 22 per cent of their total budget (Lazaroiu, 2012). Social media is a way to connect with the audiences. Effective social marketing indicates the real value of the e-commerce businesses because social networks are the only network which helps the company to reach afresh customers, to maintain and reward existing consumers and introduce the new dimension of a particular brand (Laudon and Traver, 2012). There are various reasons for an e-commerce company like Amazon to follow social media marketing: For speeding up the program of the company to reduce the risk of the competition in the market. The tweets and status updated by the customer in the face book page of the company, help the company to get insights and understand the daily lives of the consumers. Therefore, the company can adjust its market strategies in need. Social media marketing helps the company to get the feedback early, thus they can immediately respond to any type of problem regarding any products or services (Noor Al-Deen and Hendricks, 2012). There is a proverb that early bird gets the worm. Similarly by following this company should also start Facebook and Twiter pages as early as possible because these will start earning tons of fans and followers on behalf of the company. According to the people, Twitter and Facebook are social networks only, but the company can use these tools as the marketing machine (Porterfield and Carnes, 2012). Social media marketing provides opportunity to the people to get constantly some incentives to purchase, and also to keep the name of the company in front of its potential buyers. If the company follows the process of marketing through Facebook, then it can join a number of groups related to the company and can post various links there, which will help to influence the customers and thus sales will increase. There are both Micro and Macro Theories regarding Social Media. These are Micro Theories: Word of mouth According to market researchers, people generally prefer to buy products according to the advice of their friends, relatives, peers, as this word of mouth seemed to be more reliable, trustworthy and honest to them (Stocchetti and Kukkonen, 2012). Social Exchange Theory this is a cost benefit theory, and mainly focuses on the relationships and bonds of the people and the formation of communities through exchanges of communication. Social Penetration Theory this theory highlights on the individual and dyadic levels. Macro Theories: Social Network Analysis This theory helps to study the development, structure and evolution of the individual community (White, 2012). Here, mathematical models are used to evaluate. Social networks can be formed by individuals to families, nations and communities. McLuhans Media Theory According to McLuhan, the actual content of media should transform society and people. Thus, it can be said that, according to the importance of all the theories of media, social media marketing is valuable to various marketers. Marketing Objectives Of Incorporation Of Smc: Under the surveyors supervision for marketers across the industry sectors for insight into the improvement of social media marketing strategy integration it is understand as follows: Choosing of correct strategies - Social media marketing is in infancy stage, thus there is lack of any constant tool. At lightening motion new tools come into the role but by using latest technology the company should concentrate on its target market which includes the new generation and more internet savvy consumer, and accordingly the company should apply the new tool or discard it (Mason, 2013). Implementation of proper social media - The objective of the targeted customer should be cleared to the company, such that proper tactics of social media may be implemented for the growth expansion of the company. Be forward looking - This media is generally used to promote product, brand and company awareness. The marketers should understand the need of the customer and accordingly they should use the evangelists to augment the companys message and amplify the loyalty of the customer (Bernhardt, Mays and Hall, 2012). Amalgamation of social media channel to marketing strategy - There are various types of social media but the company should choose that platform which perfectly fits the target audience and brand positioning of the company. Convert to purchase through social media, the company can engage its customers in personal, ongoing and real time manner by providing him/ her personalized discounts, or detailed information or promotion of any particular product. Champion integration For better integration, the leader of the companies should share their stories of success throughout the firm (Dorenda-Zaborowicz, 2012). This will become the ethos of the company and can influence the integration of social media marketing strategies. Learn from failures Generally the execution cost of social media is lesser than the traditional media. Thus for the companies to perform experiment with social media is easy and simple, and in need they can change any strategy if a particular one fails. Sort out attribution the company should calculate the sales revenue in both the option, that is, quantity of sales revenue during implementation of only social media marketing strategies and in conjunction with other tactics. According to the result, the company should put their foot forward. Features of social media: Social media is generally defined as a group of different forms of online media, which increases the interaction and connectivity between the people, specifically the internet users. Social media is mainly characterized by the following features: Participation social media is open to all, thus, anyone who is interested can contribute and provide feedback, which reduces the gap between the customers and the media. Openness here openness indicates the freedom of participation of the customers and to provide feedback, which encourage the customers to share any information, and to comment on it. Conversation traditional media was one-way conversation, where the broadcast was distributed to all people. But the modern media, i.e. social media is better than traditional one, as it is two-way conversation (Wirtz and Elser, 2012). Community communities are formed quickly through the help of social media and thus also help in communication both effectively and efficiently. Connectedness the main feature of the social media is to connect people from one corner of the world to other, through the help of internet like use of different links, people, resources. Importance of branded content strategies: The word content literally means the digital body language. Thus, good content is necessary for any business, as it useful and attractive for those customers, who usually purchase through digital media and social media (Caywood, 2012). The afresh customers have to first believe the company Amazon, then according to their thought or view point, they would start supporting the brand and finally they become loyal to the brand or company and act as the ambassador of the company. Again, customer-centric content helps the company to develop trust among the customers, and earn credibility, which helps the company to gain authority. Content strategies help the companies to build audience, attract consumers and create advocates on behalf of the company. Future of social media marketing: In the field of ecommerce, social media marketing is the best option, and it will help to expand the business. If social media marketing is introduced within the company Amazon, it will help to the company to earn more sales revenue, as this social media helps people to buy their required products from a smart phone only. Even the post, pins, follow, like options of various social media insist people to buy those products, which are not the targeted requirement of the customers (Wirtz and Elser, 2012). These help to increase the popularity of the company, and to increase the revenue as well as the profit of the company. This is also the best way for advertising at cheaper rate. Commerce is a huge matter; similarly ecommerce is also, on the other hand social media is also a vast area, thus combination of all these is an enormous factor, thus the future of Amazon would also be very bright, if social media marketing is implemented within the marketing department of the company (Martino, 2012). Internal capability of the company for implementation of smc: Measurement of capabilities of any company is possible through SWOT Analysis. SWOT Analysis is defined as the analysis of the internal strengths, internal weaknesses, external opportunities and external threats of a company (Bertelsen, 2012). Similarly, to evaluate the internal capability of the company, Amazon, for implementation of the social media marketing strategy in their marketing department to earn more profit and for expansion of the company, SWOT analysis has to be performed. From the following chart of SWOT Analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Amazon can be explained: The company is having the internal strengths of customer service, which means the company is already close to the customers, and by implementing social media marketing strategies, Amazon should come more closer to the heart of the customers, and thus the company can serve well and at every moment of the need of the customers. Amazon generally provides various offers like offer of the day, offer of the week, weekend sales and many more. All these offers are for various products and various brands. If the company provides advertisements of these offers through social media, then people would come to know about various offers faster, as they mostly use smart phones, and can shop from their smart phones in bus, road, anywhere they get free time. Thus, this also indicates the positivity of implementing the social media marking strategy in the company (Laudon and Traver, 2012). The company is constantly evolving from the very first day, thus, it has expanded in a vast way. For further growth of the company social media marketing is necessary, as by implementing this strategy, other industries have also expanded (Zorc et al., 2012). From the following graph, the expansion of various companies like IAB can be understood: At present the growth of the company Amazon is as follows: From the above graph the total profit and revenue of Amazon can be understood easily, which indicates that the company is amazingly expanding and is running smoothly. This growth can be maximized, if the marketing department implements the social media marketing strategy (Klasen, 2012). Social generated e-commerce sells has constantly increased in the country (Molloy, Scott and Naomi, 2013). Even the media which helped the most to generate sales can be easily recognized from the following graph: From the above graph, it can be said that different social media like Facebook, E-mail, Twitter, Google+, Pinterest and Tumblr helps in e-commerce to a large extent. Thus in each quarter of a year, the sales through social media have increased successively (Daniel and Anca, 2012). These graphs of high sells through social media marketing strategy and high income of Amazon, indicates that if the marketing department of the company implements the new marketing strategy of social media, then it would bring more profit, more sales revenue, at low cost. Thus the company would grow efficiently and effectively. There is a weakness of the company, that is, Amazon makes profit losses due to free shipping. Free shipping is an essential part of any e-commerce company, so to compete with the competitors of the market, Amazon has to also provide free shipping, and otherwise it might lose its market. Thus to compensate this loss making, at cheaper cost through social media, the company can make promotion and advertisement of its products in the whole world (Andzulis, Panagopoulos and Rapp, 2012). Conclusions: Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded regarding the implementation of social media marketing strategy in the company, Amazon is that, the company should implement the new social media strategy of marketing for betterment of the organization. As at the present global scenario, every sector of the industry is using social media to earn popularity worldwide within a short period of time and at low cost (Grossberg, 2014). Due to this strategy many new companies even have become popular and successful within a short period of time. In this competitive market, to compete with the competitors, Amazon should apply the new strategy and put its feet forward to adapt the new technologies for its survival. The company should hire engineers and developers for appropriate planning and implementation of the social media marketing strategy (Grewal and Levy, 2012). Amazon should hire a director of social media, for perfectly looking after the strategy and the adaptation of the strategy by the company. Amazon is a pioneer in electronic commerce, electronic reading devices, electronic books, and cloud computing. But it has lagged in social media and social networking. In social media and social networking, Facebook and Zynga are the leaders. Thus, Amazon should add Twitter and Facebook as features of social networking to its popular product Kindle electronic book, such that e-book readers could send the public notes about the different sections of the book, which they are reading. Recommendations: Now a day, spending for social media is only a small fraction of most of the business budgets of marketing. According to market researchers, at present, about 9 % of the total budget is spent for social media, but later on, it may rise up to 22%. There are mainly three ways by which the ecommerce companies should use social media strategies for marketing. They are as follows: To find and engage customers: Finding customer in this huge worldwide market is not simple. But to maximize the profit of the company, it has to search its customers and to engage them by making them loyal to the company, by providing appropriate products of their needs. For these the followings should be done by the company: Customer research - social media is real time function, thus, marketers can directly know about the interest, conversations of their targeted customers, and accordingly, they can optimize their campaigns and can deliver more messages to customers. Customer service now a day, people are fast moving and thus they want immediate response. Immediate service can be provided through social media only. They help the business to respond quickly to any type of queries or inquiries of the customers. On the other, social media also helps company to identify easily and to respond to unpleasant consumers experiences. Through social media strategy, inquiries of the customers are responded. Customer acquisition social profile in social networking is the storefront of the customers. Research of the various companies, various products are done by the customers through the help of the social networks (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Thus, the social profile of the customers in LinkedIn, Facebook and other pages provide various information regarding the likings and disliking of the customers. Social media helps to optimize the customer profile and therefore helps the company to find information about the customer, easily. This also encourages the existing consumers of the company to review the specified company on Google, Yelp, or Facebook. Customer engagement social media is not a way for generating sales and driving traffic. Instead, it is a platform to validate and demonstrate the value of efforts of marketing. Paid advertising optimization: Paid advertising on social sites like - Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter is the new type of business, which has become mandatory for the e-commerce marketers. But there are some advantages for the e-commerce companies for investing in these social network advertisements. They are as follows: Effective segmentation the social pages like Facebook, LinkedIn have made it easier for the companies to target market segments, according to the age of the customers, location and interest of the customers, and many more. Thus social network is also an important segmenting tool. Video advertising to showcase the product of the company, video is the most amazing way. As customers research thoroughly before purchasing any product online and video is the best way to represent the use of the product and to interact perfectly with the customers. On the other hand, videos are much engaging, thus can engage more number of customers. Accurate social data analysis The Tech companies enable the marketers to measure all corners of social campaigns e.g. top performing networks and types of social content and at the same time customers actionsin this respect. Staying ahead of the curve In the field of marketing, it may be in locality or nationally or globally, to find and reach target customers are quiet tough. Thus for more targeted customers, much smarter social marketing strategies are needed. Staying ahead of the curve represents the way companies interact with its consumers, publish content and advertise. References Andzulis, J., Panagopoulos, N. and Rapp, A. (2012). A Review of Social Media and Implications for the Sales Process.Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 32(3), pp.305-316. Bertelsen, B. (2012).Everything you need to know about SWOT analysis. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Caywood, C. (2012).The handbook of strategic public relations and integrated marketing communications. New York: McGraw-Hill. Daniel, M. and Anca, C. (2012). Redefined Corporate Communication through Sales Forces.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, pp.175-178. Grewal, D. and Levy, M. (2012).Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Grossberg, K. (2014). B2B marketing forum: insightful social media and CRM cases from leading firms.Strategy Leadership, 42(2). Klasen, A. (2012). Generating Economic Growth - How Governments can Help Successfully.Global Policy, 3(2), pp.238-241. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Laudon, K. and Traver, C. (2012).E-commerce. Boston, MA: Pearson. Martino, B. (2012).Everything you need to know about ecommerce for non-profit organizations. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. McCorkle, D. and McCorkle, Y. (2012). Using Linkedin in the Marketing Classroom: Exploratory Insights and Recommendations for Teaching Social Media/Networking.Marketing Education Review, 22(2), pp.157-166. Molloy, S., Scott, G. and Naomi, S. (2013).Appvertising - How Apps Are Changing The World. Cork: BookBaby. Shandan, Z., Dan, F., Yunyun, X. and Yonghai, Z. (2012). Influencing Factors of Credibility in C2C Ecommerce Web Sites.Procedia Engineering, 29, pp.509-513. SHARMA, V. (2012). A Study about Management and Business Issues of Ecommerce.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 2(2), pp.1-5. Zorc, S., Manfreda, A., Lampert, D., Groznik, A., Krapez, J., Skerlavaj, M., Intzesiloglou, G., Marinova, M. and Ilieva, V. (2012).Digital content SWOT analysis. [S. l.]: FORSEE Partnership. Bernhardt, J., Mays, D. and Hall, A. (2012). Social marketing at the right place and right time with new media.Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), pp.130-137. Couldry, N. (2012).Media, society, world. Cambridge: Polity. Dorenda-Zaborowicz, M. (2012). Marketing w social media.Nowe Media, 0(3), p.59. Fuller, M. and Goffey, A. (2012).Evil media. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Huijsman, Y., Ligthart, J., Groot, R. and Kok, M. (2012).Social media for seniors. [Netherlands]: Visual Steps. Lazaroiu, G. (2012).Processes of social construction in the philosophy of communication. New York: Addleton Academic Publishers. Mason, D. (2013). The Mobile Marketing Handbook: A Step by step Guide to Creating Dynamic Mobile Marketing Campaigns 2nd ed.20136Kim Dushinski. The Mobile Marketing Handbook: A Step by step Guide to Creating Dynamic Mobile Marketing Campaigns 2nd ed. . Medford, NJ: Information Today Inc 2012. 248 pp., ISBN: 978 0 910965 90 3 $29.95 Paperback.The Electronic Library, 31(3), pp.404-405. Noor Al-Deen, H. and Hendricks, J. (2012).Social media. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. Porterfield, K. and Carnes, M. (2012).Why social media matters. Bloomington, Ind.: Solution Tree Press. Stocchetti, M. and Kukkonen, K. (2012).Critical Media Analysis. Frankfurt: Lang, Peter, GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. White, C. (2012).Social media, crisis communication, and emergency management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Wirtz, B. and Elser, M. (2012). Instrumente im Social Media Marketing.WIST, 41(10), pp.512-518. Wirtz, B. and Elser, M. (2012). Prozess im Social Media Marketing.WIST, 41(11), pp.572-576.

Stamp Act Essays - British East India Company, Stamp Act

Stamp Act Once again, the question of who is sovereign created problems for the colonies. England produced a series of acts as a response to the provinces rebellion. The Stamp Act raised port duties on certain items imported from the West Indies, such as sugar, coffee, and wine. This act was enforced by the British troops established within the colonies. This strategic move by the troops forbade the colonies from smuggling in other items. The Currency Act forbade the colonies from printing their own money. In 1865, England repealed the Stamp Act in response to the provinces protests. The provinces reasoning was that parliament is sovereign in the empire and can only raise taxes to regulate trade, not to generate revenues. The Quartering Act was passed by England so that on the occasion that the colonies misbehaved, they would send over more troops. With this condition, the colonies were also responsible for housing and feeding the troops. In 1767, the Townsend Act gave Englands parliament the right to tax the colonists on lead, paper, printers, and tea. This also enraged the colonists, for this tax was solely for raising Englands revenues. The Boston Massacre came as a result of the colonists reaction to the tea tax. At first, East India did not have to pay tax on tea, but the provinces did. Therefore, the colonists dressed as Indians and threw off the boat into the water East Indias tea. In response to their rebellion, England passed the Coercive Act, which shut down the port and arrested the colonists involved. These acts passed by Englands parliament raised the question of whether the King has the right to tax the colonies without the colonies having representation. The Kings actions show that he believed in taxation without representation. Thus the Revolution began. The Revolution was about sovereignty. The provinces revolted by boycotting. The protests raged. There was violent vandalism. The British officials homes were destroyed. The elite responded by petitioning parliament, writing pamphlets, and rethinking fundamentals between provinces. In 1874 to 1875 fighting broke out between the British and the provinces. Lexington and Concord was significant in that the British stole arms that the provinces were storing. A big fight in Boston broke out. The provinces tried to starve the troops. England said that they would free slaves that fought on their side against the colonists. This upset the colonists and made them retaliate even more. History Reports

Ratio Analysis and Risk and Return of Fmcg Industry Essay Sample free essay sample

Companies – ITC. HUL. Nestle India. Dabur. Godrej Consumer Products The Indian FMCG sector is the 4th largest sector in the economic system with an estimated size of Rs. 1. 300 billion. The sector has shown an mean one-year growing of about 11 % per annum over the last decennary. Unlike the developed markets. which are conspicuously dominated by few big participants. India’s FMCG market is extremely disconnected and a considerable portion of the market comprises of unorganised participants selling unbranded and unpackaged merchandises. There are about 12-13 million retail shops in India. out of which 9 million are FMCG kirana shops. Index concentration degree: The index is mostly driven by ITC and HUL. as they contribute about 75 % to the entire index. Both companies have posted good consequences. therefore assisting the index to turn despite weak domestic market. If both these companies are excluded so the index comes out to be overvalued by merely 7. 82 % . Therefore. the index has high dependence on these two companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Ratio Analysis and Risk and Return of Fmcg Industry Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Union Budget 2012-13 proved to a assorted bag for the FMCG industry. On one manus. minor addition in the revenue enhancement freedom bounds and some inducements on equity investings were positives as this would increase the disposable income degrees. But on the other manus. the addition in excise responsibility more or less offset the above consequence. We feel that smaller participants would happen it hard to go through on the responsibility hikes to stop consumers and will take to take the brunt of this hiking in a command to keep and turn market portion. On the other manus. deep-pocket participants like Nestle. ITC and HUL with their leading place and strong trade names will be able to go through on the hiking to consumers. Traveling frontward. the moderation of natural stuff monetary values and grasp of rupee against dollar would assist the FMCG companies to keep their borders in future. With addition in disposable income and favorable authorities policies. net gross revenue s growing is expected to stay robust in coming quarters. Sing ongoing economic uncertainness. we expect that FMCG industry will stay an attractive industry for investing. being a safe oasis for investors. FMCG industry. as an investing: FMCG index has systematically given good return to investors over the old ages. Infact. FMCG index has given a return of 12 % in 2011 despite negative returns from Sensex. Traveling frontward. HUL and ITC are expected to enter good public presentation. which could take to positive impact on the rating of the overall FMCG index. In FY-11. HUL has changed its concern scheme and started concentrating on rural market through addition in ad-spends. new launches and spread outing distribution web. As a consequence. it posted good consequences so far and is expected to present good consequences in coming quarters every bit good. ITC. market leader in coffin nails. has benefitted by favorable proclamation in the Union Budget-13 wherein the Government increased the excise responsibility on bidi and other baccy merchandises which could take to consumers switching to coffin nails. With favorable authorities policies and its focal point on turning nutrient processing class. ITC is expected to post good consequences in approaching old ages. Therefore. FMCG index. being a defensive sector. will stay a safe stake for investors. But. as the [ electronic mail protected ]/*figure indicates. most of the companies are merchandising at a premium to their MRPs. Despite this. there are a few basically sound companies in FMCG industry. which are presently available at a good price reduction from their MRPs ( intrinsic value ) . With the overall economic state of affairs non expected to alter much in the coming quarters. investors would be well-advised to: Current Ratio for all the houses is below the criterion ratio 2:1. All the houses are following the same tendency as they have proportionally same difference between current ratio and speedy ratio. Companies have a immense stock list base that holds a major portion of current assets. GCP performed better than wholly as there is a net addition in hard currency flow. increasing the company’s liquidness to run into its short term liability. ITC and Nestle India has a really low hard currency ratio. As Nestle has negative hard currency flow -44 Crores. although ITC performed good this twelvemonth with a net hard currency flow of Rs 55 Crores but they invested in fixed assets and other investings resulted in really low hard currency. HUL and Dabur besides has a positive hard currency flow of Rs 694 Crores and Rs 98 Crores severally. But HUL made investings and dabur has shown an addition over the old old ages but non good as compared to its rivals. Quick ratio of Dabur and GCP has increased over the old twelvemonth. GCP’s hard currency ratio is increased from. 05 to. 4 besides the current ratio is improved over old twelvemonth. Employee turnover Ratios 2012-12 2010-11 Inventory Turnover RatioFixed Asset Turnover RatioEntire Assets Turnover RatioDebtor Turnover Ratio Nestle has the highest stock list turnover ratio of 11. 4 and inventory keeping period of 31 yearss. A good stock list turnover ratio indicates that stock lists are traveling fast and that is required in FMCG industry. All the houses have an stock list ratio above 7 that is a good indicant. HUL has the highest entire Assets turnover ratio and fixed assets turnover. GCP. ITC. Nestle made immense investing in 2011-12 that increased their entire assets and fixed assets. The gross revenues has besides increased but due to investing and increase in fixed assets. Fixed assets and entire assets turnover ratio are lower this twelvemonth but we may see an betterment in the approaching old ages where the investing made in fixed assets may assist in increasing gross revenues doing the good use of assets. Debtor Turnover ratio is high for Nestle 83 times doing the mean aggregation period near to 4 yearss which shows that companies recognition policy are good and they are able to bring forth net capital in a really short clip for daily operating activities. The high value shows that direction might be rigorous towards the debitors and playing safe by hard currency minutess. Debtor turnover ratio for HUL is 28. Dabur is 17. ITC has 39 and GCP has 35 which shows they are able to roll up the hard currency in maximal 21 yearss for Dabur. which is a good indicant for FMCG industry. As stock lists moves fast they need hard currency for operating activities. All the houses have plus direction ratio’s near to industry norm. Nestle has outperformed both the old ages 2010-11 and 2011-12 as their Debtor turnover ratio is twice of the industry norm. Debt – Management Ratio 2011-12 2010-11 Debt-Equity RatioDebt Ratio Debt- Equity ratio is 0 for HUL and ITC and GCP has 7 times and Nestle has 10 times. As all these houses has really low debt and equity. but higher militias.Nestle financed its activities through loan this twelvemonth and took Rs. 976 Crores as loan and low equity of Rs. 96 Crores made the debt-equity ratio really high. Similarly GCP besides took debt in 2011-12 of Rs. 237 Crores but the low equity of Rs. 34 Crores made the debt-equity ratio higher. So higher value of debt-equity ratio does non intend that the companies are trusting chiefly on debt. Debt-Assets ratio / Gearing ratio is below 0. 5 for all the houses indicates that companies are less hazardous. As they have more assets than debts. In future they can run into their long term liabilities with the value of assets they have. ITC and HUL has 0 debt-assets ratio. which indicates their strong place in industry. As they are the major participants in FMCG industry and are capable plenty to run into their assets with militias and excess. non trusting on debts/equity. Nestle had 0 debt in 2010-11 and in 2011-12 they financed through loan. which increased debt-eqity ratio from 0 to 10. GCP had a higher debt-equity ratio in 2010-11 but it is reduced to 7 in 2011-12. All the other houses maintained low debt ratio and debt-equity ratio in both old ages. Net income Margin Ratio2011-12 2010-11 Gross Profit MarginOperating Net income MarginNet Net income Margin All the houses has Gross net income border above 45 % . but ITC has the highest gross net income border of 59 % which indicates good control of cost-of-goods sold and runing net income border 35 % . But GCP has the highest net net income border of 20 % . For both old ages 2010-11 and 2011-12 ITC has highest gross net income border and operating net income border ratio which indicates their efficient production procedure. The gross net income border indicates the efficiency of production and pricing. a higher gross net income border indicates the houses production procedure are good working. All the houses have a net net income border over 10 % which shows that industry is executing good. Profitability Ratios2011-12 2010-11 Tax return on EquityTax return on Assetss ROE and ROA is higher for all the houses. GCP leads with 1800 % returns. HUL has 1200 % . Dabur 200 % . ITC 700 % . Nestle 1000 % return. which is a good mark for investing. As Rs. 1 investing would give a Rs. 18 return. But the companies are non trusting much on equity. ROA is highest for HUL. as the house is using its assets and has an ROA of 1700 % . Other houses besides have ROA above 500 % . which indicates that they are using the assets really good. As a consequence the houses are intensively puting in fixed assets as to bring forth more volumes. GCP has highest Roe for both old ages and much above industry norm. Hazard and Return NIFTY:Average day-to-day Market Return| 9. 0381E-05|Average Annual Return| 2. 28 % |Geometric Mean Return| 1. 000017478|Discrepancy of Index| | 0. 0001462|| | | |Risk Free Return. Rf| | 8. 09 % | HUL: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 001163679|Average Annual Return| 29. 32 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 014864983|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000220968|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 3. 3892E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 1. 001053876|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 232281744|Required Rate of Return| 6. 74 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 001987823|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 053696042| ITC: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 00017751|Average Annual Return| 4. 47 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 026776465|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000716979|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 6. 83846E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 0. 999678281|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 468678957|Required Rate of Return| 5. 37 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 008092792|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 172585932| Dabur: Average Daily Return of Stock| -0. 000291509|Average Annua Return| -7. 35 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 027196376|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000739643|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 4. 95522E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 0. 999201699|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 339609723|Required Rate of Return| 6. 12 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 004249205|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 182140793| Nestle India: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 001214306|Average Annual Return| 30. 60 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 015235535|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000232122|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 4. 02109E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 1. 001098493|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 275588703|Required Rate of Return| 6. 49 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 002798145|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 055696483| Godrej Consumer Merchandises: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 001382|Average Annual Return| 34. 83 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 020148|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000406|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 2. 7E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 1. 001183|BETA| 0. 185288|Required Rate of Return| 7. 01 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 001265|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 101034|

Summary-The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn essays

Summary-The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn essays In the beginning of the story Huckleberry Finn, a young teenaged boy, gets kidnapped by his drunken father, Pap. Pap beats him and locks him in a cabin. Huck then fakes his own death and runs away. He not only runs away to avoid Pap, but also to avoid being "sivilized." Along the way, he meets up with Jim. Jim is a black runaway who had overheard his owner, Miss Watson, talking about selling him to a plantation. Jim wants to find his wife and children, and by his conversations with Huck, it is apparent that Jim is also a human being with feelings. Though the present-day reader realizes this, it is something Huck has to become conscious of along the journey. The two become companions and find a raft and a house floating during a flood by the island on which they were hiding at. There is a shot man inside the house, but Jim doesnt let Huck see the mans face. They start downriver on the raft in search of the Ohio River, so that from there they can get on a steamboat to the free states. There is so much fog that they miss the opening to the river. There are distractions, also. That didnt help. A few days later, they encounter a pair of conmen. They introduce themselves as a Duke and a long-lost heir to the French throne. Huck sees through their act early on, but Jim doesnt. The men try to rob everyone they meet and after many scams their most awful one comesselling Jim to a farmer saying that there is a huge reward for him. Huck finds out where Jim is being held and it is none other than his best friend Tom Sawyers relatives home. They mistake Huck for Tom so he plays along pretending to be Tom. Then Tom actually arrives but Huck informs him of his situation and his plan to free Jim. Tom surprisingly and suspiciously agrees to help free Jim. He creates an elaborate way of doing so that it would maybe get them all killed. Jim manages to escape finally but in doing so, T...

With reference to the UK and a country of your choice, discuss the Essay

With reference to the UK and a country of your choice, discuss the limitation of GDP per capita'' as for a basis for comparing living standards between countries and over time - Essay Example In this paper, a comparison will be made of the GDP per capita of the India, a developing nation and the United Kingdom (UK) a developed nation. The state of the country as a whole as a result of this GDP per capita will be the main focus. The differences in income earned between people in the developed world and people in the developing world have been the subject of much research in the past (Maddision, 1983). India is a developing country located in the Indian Ocean. It is a former colony of Great Britain. India has an open market economy. In recent years, there has been much economic liberation such as privatization of former governmentally owned ventures, a reduction in foreign trade and development and deregulation industrially. This linearization was set in motion in the early 1990’s and has worked well to increase the growth rate of the country as a whole. The growth rate of the country has stayed at an approximate 7% every year since the year 1997. India has managed t o accomplish significant economic growth in the past decade or so (CIA-The World Factbook, 2011). The economy of India covers a multitude of things like modern agriculture, traditional village agriculture, a number of different services ad handicrafts. A comparison of GDP by sector in the country showed that whole over half the country works in the agricultural field, it contributes to only 16.1% of the country’s GDP. Industrial activities contribute about 28.6% where as the sevice industry makes up a bulk of the economy contributing 55.3%. All of these values are figures from the year 2010. This is particularly evident in that India has a large percentage of the population who speak English and has become a player in the global field in the export of information technology services and software personnel (CIA-The World Factbook, 2011). In light of the recent economic crisis, India was seen to bounce back in 210 as growth actually went above 8% in 210 and due to a demand for services domestically. In fact, India has the second highest labour force in the world with an approximate 478.3 million wanting to work. The unemployment rate was fairly low compared to the rest of the world in 2010 with it staying at 10.8% (118th place in the world) (CIA-The World Factbook, 2011). Despite doing relatively well on the economic front, India has numerous issues to deal with within the country. Parts of India are becoming increasingly overpopulated, there has been much destruction the environment and there is widespread poverty. A staggering 25% of the country’s population lives in poverty (CIA-The World Factbook, 2011). In addition, corruption seems to plague the country of India. There is also seen to be a lack of physical and social infrastructure in certain parts of the country and there is not enough access to higher education. There is a widespread migration from rural to urban areas dues to a lack of jobs in the agricultural sector (CIA-The World Factboo k, 2011). The GDP per capita of India is about $ 3400 as of 2010. In comparison to the rest of the countries of the world, this is 163rd place. The GDP per capita the UK, on the other hand is $35 100 and was 36th place in the world. This is a marked difference from India and a comparison will be made of these two countries (CIA-The World Factbook, 2011).it has been argued that developed countries such as the UK, already had a much higher lead to economic growth than to developing countries who growth started only relatively recently (Maddison, 1983). The UK is a group of islands located in Western Europe. In stark contrast to India, the GDP contributions by sector are extremely different. Only 0.9% of the GDP comes from agriculture, 22.1% of the GDP is as